ΠΗΓΗ: ΕΝΩΣΗ ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΩΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ URL: www.eme.org.gr
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Migration to Greece is a relatively recent phenomenon and the shift from emigration to immigration country caught Greece unprepared in terms of migration policy. In spite of the increasing demand for domestic workers in Greece, the Greek government does not issue work permits for domestic work (unlike Italy and Spain). As a result, a great volume of these women live and work illegally in the so called "informal sector" of Greece, what makes it times more difficult to calculate how many work migrants from Ukraine and Moldova live in Greece. According to the table of the Immigrants Union of Greece, Ukrainian migrants come up to 4,2% of the total Greek population and Moldovan migrants - to 2,19% relatively.
According to Census (2001), there were 41.532 foreign workers (65% of the total volume of migrant workers) in the Attiki Prefecture, out of whom 38.815 were females, out of whom 3.105 were of Ukrainian origin. In order to understand the general image of a Ukrainian work migrant in Greece, here is a brief profile (based on results of the survey by Psimmenos and Skamnakis):
Employment as: domestic workers, performing various household chores
domestic workers, taking care of children and the elderly;
Social security: 82% are socially secure (their testimonials);
Working hours: 81% work over 40 hours per week.
Average salary per month: 607 Euro (from 400 Euro to 1.000 Euro)
It is important to point out that the increasing needs in the care sphere are the result of the Greek ageing society with low fertility rates as well as female liberation and their integration in labour sectors. Therefore, female migrants facilitate Greek womens` employment, what contributes to changes in gender relations between Greek man and Greek women as well as changes in socio-economic structure of Greece.
In my opinion, the reasons for choosing Ukrainian female migrants for this particular job and not Moldovan ones, are based on the well-known stereotype of a modest, obedient Slavonic woman who is a caring mother and a good housewife. Therefore, a Greek mother when choosing a babysitter for her child would give a kind of "an advance of trust" to a Ukrainian domestic worker rather than to a Moldovan one.
Due to the fact that the majority of female work migrants from Moldova were working in agricultural sector back home, they are mostly engaged in the agricultural sector in Greece either on short-term base (seasonal work) or on long-term base (permanent employment).
Therefore, the first important conclusion that we can make is that even though normally both Ukrainian and Moldovan work migrants originate from rural areas of their home countries, Ukrainian females are usually employed as domestic workers and care for the elderly and children, while Moldovan females are usually engaged in the agricultural sector.
In my opinion, the reasons for choosing Ukrainian female migrants for this particular job and not Moldovan ones, are based on the well-known stereotype of a modest, obedient Slavonic woman who is a caring mother and a good housewife. Therefore, a Greek mother when choosing a babysitter for her child would give a kind of "an advance of trust" to a Ukrainian domestic worker rather than to a Moldovan one.
Due to the fact that the majority of female work migrants from Moldova were working in agricultural sector back home, they are mostly engaged in the agricultural sector in Greece either on short-term base (seasonal work) or on long-term base (permanent employment).
Therefore, the first important conclusion that we can make is that even though normally both Ukrainian and Moldovan work migrants originate from rural areas of their home countries, Ukrainian females are usually employed as domestic workers and care for the elderly and children, while Moldovan females are usually engaged in the agricultural sector.
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